Timeline for Green Pigments

Antlerite is a basic copper sulfate with the chemical formula of Cu3[(SO4)(OH)4] seldom used in oil painting.

Malachite is a basic copper carbonate that was one of the few green pigments available for painters up to the 19th century.

Verdigris is not a unique chemical substance but is a collective name for various copper acetates. Their colour varies from blue to green.

Green earth is a natural inorganic pigment of a rather dull colour prepared from the minerals glauconite or celadonite.

Emerald green is copper (II)-acetoarsenite: 3 Cu(AsO2)2·Cu(CH3COO)2. Its colour is bright and beautiful but it is exceedingly poisonous.

Viridian is hydrated chromium oxide Cr2O3 • 2 H2O. This form of chromium oxide is of vivid colour with a bluish tint.

Cobalt titanate green is a mixed metal oxide of cobalt and titanium with the formula of Co2TiO4. It is not to be confused with cobalt green.

Phthalo green is a bluish-green pigment with outstanding lightfastness and stability. It was used by Francis Bacon and Jackson Pollock.